Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética e as associações de características produtivas do feijão-bóer, para indicação dessa cultura ao programa de melhoramento em Moçambique. Foram avaliadas 11 características do feijão-bóer, em delineamento de três blocos ao acaso, nos ambientes de Namapa (I) e Montepuez (II), em 2017/2018. Para avaliação das características, utilizaram-se análises de variância, parâmetros genéticos, correlações, rede de correlação e análise de trilha. Em ambos os ambientes, há alta variabilidade genética e fenotípica para ramos primários, ramos secundários, vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem, largura e comprimento da vagem e produtividade, bem como alta herdabilidade para todas as características, exceto para altura da planta. Os ramos primários e secundários apresentam alta correlação com a produtividade e efeito direto positivo sobre ela. No entanto, altura de planta e vagens por planta apresentam alta variabilidade fenotípica e correlação positiva com a produtividade no ambiente I. Vagens por planta, peso de 100 sementes e ramos primários apresentam altos efeitos positivos diretos no ambiente I, e ramos secundários e número de sementes por vagem, no ambiente II. Os ramos primários e secundários apresentam alta variabilidade e associações com a produtividade em ambos os ambientes e são indicados para o programa de melhoramento do feijão-bóer em Moçambique.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability and associations of yield traits of pigeon pea, for indication of this crop for the breeding program in Mozambique. Eleven pigeon pea traits were evaluated in a experimental design with three randomized complete blocks, in the environments of Namapa (I) and Montepuez (II), in 2017/2018. To evaluate the traits, analyses of variance, genetic parameters, correlations, correlation network, and path analysis were used. In both environments, there is a high genetic and phenotypic variability for primary branches, secondary branches, pods per plant, number of seed per pod, pod width, pod length, and yield, as well as a high heritability for all traits except for plant height. The primary and secondary branches have a high correlation with yield and a positive direct effect on it. However, plant height and pods per plant show a high phenotypic variability and a positive correlation with yield in environment I. Pods per plant, weight of 100 seed, and primary branches show high direct positive effects in environment I, and secondary branches and number of seed per pod, in environment II. The primary and secondary branches show high variability and associations with yield in both environments and are indicated for the pigeon pea breeding program in Mozambique.

Resumo Devido ao uso etnofarmacológico de Campsiandra laurifolia (Fabaceae), popularmente conhecida comoAcapurana, para tratar feridas e úlceras, associado à falta dealternativas de tratamentos para as inflamações intestinais como a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU), o presente trabalho buscou caracterizar sua constituição fitoquímica, sua atividade antioxidante, e avaliar sua ação reparadora na colite experimental com ácido acético. As análises fitoquímicas foram realizadas por meio de ensaios colorimétricos qualitativos e quantitativos dos principaismetabólitos secundários.Nomodelo de colite, foramutilizados 24 ratos machos Wistar de±60 dias de idade, divididos em 4 grupos: Controle (CO), controle+ extrato aquoso de C. laurifolia 50mg/kg (CO+A50); Colite (CL); e Colite+extrato aquoso de C. laurifolia (CL+ A50). Foram realizadas aferições da pressão anal esfincteriana e avaliações histológicas do intestino grosso, lipoperoxidação (LPO), atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase (SOD) e níveis da glutationa (GSH). Para a análise estatística, resultados do estresse oxidativo (EO) foram expressos em médias±erro padrão, adotando um nível de significância de p<0,05. O screening indicou no extrato a presença de flavonoides, saponinas e taninos com altos teores de compostos fenólicos e taninos, relacionando-os a uma elevada capacidade antioxidante. Na análise histológica, o grupo CL apresentou perda das criptas, do edema e do infiltrado inflamatório. O uso do extrato de C. laurifolia reestruturou as criptas, diminuiu o edema e aumentou a pressão anal esfincteriana, com diminuição da LPO, da SOD, e aumento da GSH. Sugere-se que o uso do extrato de C. laurifolia diminui o EO por seu poder antioxidante, conferido pelos compostos fenólicos presentes no extrato.

Abstract Due to the ethnopharmacological use of Campsiandra laurifolia (Fabaceae), popularly known as Acapurana, to treat wounds and ulcers, associated with the lack of alternative treatments for intestinal inflammations such as ulcerative colitis (UC), the present work sought to characterize its phytochemical and antioxidant activities, and to evaluate remedial action in experimental colitis with acetic acid. Phytochemical analyzes were performed through qualitative and quantitative colorimetric tests of the main secondary metabolites. In the colitismodel, 24male Wistar rats aged±60 days oldwere used, divided into 4 groups: Control (CO) control+aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50mg/kg (CO+A50); Colitis (CL); and Colitis+aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CL+ A50).Measurement of sphincter anal pressure and histological tests of the large intestine, lipoperoxidation (LPO), enzymeactivity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH)were performed. For statistical analysis, the oxidative stress (OS) results were expressed as means±standard error, adopting a significance level of p<0.05. The screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the extract, with high levels of phenolic

Abstract The irregular hydrological regime in Patos Lagoon estuary has been suggested as having a distinctive influence on sulfur speciation in sediments. We performed an investigation for different prolonged hydrological conditions focusing on the distribution of sulfides (acid volatile sulfide (AVS), chromium reducible sulfide (CRS), and Free-S2-) in sediment cores from salt marsh and non-vegetated shallow zone. Significant differences in sulfides content and distribution between the different hydrological periods were found. The predominance of more reducing conditions was observed during the freshwater period. It reflects a higher total reducible inorganic sulfur (TRIS) content in this period, with a great accumulation of AVS in sediments (> 100 mg kg-1). In the maximum salinity period, more oxidizing conditions prevailed, which significantly decreased the concentrations of metastable sulfides. The intense bioirrigation process exerts control over sulfide formation and distribution, which is as important as that exerted by the variations of the hydrological regime.

Resumo Dialogando com as diferentes abordagens presentes na literatura, este artigo procura analisar a incidência de greves nas diferentes fases econômicas e políticas do Brasil, nas duas últimas décadas. Ao mesmo tempo, inserimos as greves no contexto da conjuntura e dinâmica organizacional do movimento sindical. Ao longo desse período, a incidência de greves tendeu a diminuir nos momentos de alta do desemprego e a aumentar nos momentos de queda. Não foi encontrada relação entre greve e ganho salarial. A análise da relação entre greve e política parece corroborar a ideia de que em governos de centro-esquerda observa-se menor volume de greves do que em governos de centro-direita, enquanto a maior competição no interior do movimento sindical, inferida pelo número de sindicatos em cada ano, esteve associada a um maior volume de greves. Essas correlações, ainda que inconclusivas, apontam o caminho para novas investigações, utilizando séries mais longas e análise comparada.

Abstract Dialoging with the different approaches present in the literature, this article tries to analyze the incidence of strikes in the different economic and political phases of Brazil in the last two decades and situating strikes within the current political and economic scenario, in addition to describing the organizational dynamics of the trade union movement. During this period, the incidence of strikes tended to decrease in times of high unemployment rates, and increase when those fell. No relation was found between strikes and wage gains. Analysis of the relationship between strikes and politics seems to corroborate the idea that in mid-left governments there is a lower volume of strikes than in mid-right governments, while the greater competition within the trade union movement, inferred by the number of unions in each year, was associated with a higher amount of strikes. These correlations, although inconclusive, indicate the way to further investigations, with the use of longer series and comparative analysis.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A anestesia peribulbar surgiu como uma opção mais segura quando comparada com o bloqueio retrobulbar intraconal. Ainda assim, a anestesia peribulbar não pode ser considerada isenta de riscos. Inúmeras complicações foram descritas quando da aplicação dessa técnica. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever um caso raro caracterizado por amaurose e paralisia contralaterais quando da tentativa de se fazer a anestesia peribulbar. Relato de caso: Paciente masculino, 75 anos, estado físico ASA II, submetido à facectomia por facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular. Sedado com fentanil e midazolam e submetido a APB. Não houve intercorrências durante a cirurgia. Após o término do procedimento o paciente relatou ausência de visão no olho contralateral. Foram observadas acinesia da musculatura inervada pelo III e VI pares cranianos, ptose palpebral e pupilas de tamanho médio, não responsivas ao estímulo luminoso. Após quatro horas da anestesia, houve recuperação completa da visão, da movimentação das pálpebras e do globo ocular não operado. Conclusões: Durante a APB, estruturas localizadas no espaço intraconal podem ser atingidas acidentalmente levando a complicações como a descrita no relato acima. O respeito às diretrizes técnicas e o uso de agulhas com o tamanho adequado podem reduzir o risco de tal complicação, mas não de forma completa.

Abstract Background and objectives: Peribulbar anesthesia has emerged as a safer option compared with intraconal retrobulbar block. Still, peribulbar anesthesia may not be considered without risk. Numerous complications have been described when performing this technique. This report aims to describe a rare case of amaurosis and contralateral paralysis while attempting to perform a peribulbar anesthesia. Case report: Male patient, 75-year old, physical status ASA II, undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Sedated with fentanyl and midazolam and subjected to peribulbar anesthesia. There were no complications during surgery. After finishing the procedure, the patient reported lack of vision in the contralateral eye. Akinesia of the muscles innervated by the cranial nerve pairs III and VI, ptosis, and medium-sized pupils unresponsive to light stimulus were observed. Four hours after anesthesia, complete recovery of vision and eyelid and eyeball movements was seen in the non-operated eye. Conclusions: During peribulbar anesthesia, structures located in the intraconal space can be accidentally hit leading to complications such as described in the above report. Following the technical guidelines and using appropriate size needles may reduce the risk of such complication, but not completely.

RESUMO Considerando o potencial produtivo da macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), sua importância como alternativa na diversificação da produção agrícola, e tendo como hipótese uma positiva contribuição nos processos hidrológicos de uma bacia hidrográfica, este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a influência do número de folhas da planta na correlação entre o escoamento pelo tronco (Et) e a precipitação em aberto (PA). Foram instalados três pluviômetros para o monitoramento da precipitação em aberto e coletores de escoamento pelo tronco no caule de oito plantas de macaúba com 10, 13, 18 e 22 folhas. Foram obtidas equações de regressão que permitem estimar a partir de qual volume de chuva o escoamento pelo tronco se torna presente. Foi observada forte correlação linear positiva entre a precipitação em aberto (PA) e o escoamento pelo tronco (Et), independente do número de folhas por planta. A macaúba, por suas características morfológicas, favorece a captação da água de chuva, apresentando volume relativamente elevado de escoamento pelo tronco (Et) em plantas ainda jovens. Pode-se, também, afirmar que sua copa em formato de funil conduz maior volume de água para o caule, iniciando o escoamento pelo tronco a partir de pequenos eventos de chuva.

ABSTRACT The macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) has a great production potential of oil and is an important alternative to diversify agricultural production. In view of the hypothesis that the species may provide a positive contribution to the hydrological processes in a watershed, we aimed to assess the influence of the number of leaves per macaúba plant on the correlation between stemflow and gross precipitation. We installed three rain gauges to monitor gross precipitation in an experimental area, and stemflow collectors on the stem of eight macaúba plants therein having 10, 13, 18, and 22 leaves. Linear regression equations were obtained, which enabled us to estimate the minimum rainfall volume required for the occurrence of stemflow. A strong positive linear correlation was observed between stemflow and gross precipitation, regardless of the number of leaves per plant. The morphological characteristics of the macaúba palm favor rainfall interception, relatively high stemflow values being shown even in young plants. The funnel-shaped crown enabled the conduction of large rainfall volumes to the stem, thus resulting in the occurrence of stemflow even with light precipitations.

Abstract Metal ions such as iron can induce DNA damage by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Vitamin C is one of the most widely consumed antioxidants worldwide, present in many fruits and vegetables, especially inMalpighia glabra L., popularly known as acerola, native to Brazil. Acerola is considered a functional fruit due to its high antioxidant properties and phenolic contents, and therefore is consumed to prevent diseases or as adjuvant in treatment strategies. Here, the influence of ripe and unripe acerola juices on iron genotoxicity was analyzed in vivo using the comet assay and micronucleus test. The comet assay results showed that acerola juice exerted no genotoxic or antigenotoxic activity. Neither ripe nor unripe acerola juices were mutagenic to animals treated with juices, in micronucleus test. However, when compared to iron group, the pre-treatment with acerola juices exerted antimutagenic activity, decreasing significantly micronucleus mean values in bone marrow. Stage of ripeness did not influence the interaction of acerola compounds with DNA, and both ripe and unripe acerola juices exerted protective effect over DNA damage generated by iron.

O objetivo deste artigo é resgatar o debate sobre os rumos do corporativismo no Brasil após a redemocratização e avaliar o impacto das mudanças institucionais recentes para o sistema de intermediação de interesse. A retomada da abordagem corporativista na literatura internacional permite um contraponto para o debate interno ao recolocar a importância das dimensões organizacionais e de "modo de tomada de decisão" para caracterizar o corporativismo como sistema de intermediação de interesses. A partir dessa leitura, o trabalho aponta para o fortalecimento da estrutura sindical, particularmente das organizações de cúpula, e para a multiplicação e a consolidação de diversas arenas tripartite, responsáveis pela definição de temas importantes da política pública. Esses novos traços parecem aproximar cada vez o modelo brasileiro do tipo societário de corporativismo, em oposição ao pluralismo.

The purpose of this article is to rescue the debate about the direction of corporatism in Brazil after the democratization, as well as to assess the impact of the recent institutional changes on the system of interest intermediation. The resumption of the corporatist approach on the international literature allows for a counterpoint to the internal debate, as it reinforces the importance of the organizational dimensions and the "mode of decision making" to characterize the corporatist interest intermediation. The argument points to the strengthening of the trade union structure, particularly of its top organizations, and to the multiplication and consolidation of several tripartite arenas responsible for the definition of important issues of public policy. These new traces seem to place the Brazilian model of corporatism closer to the "societal" type, as opposed to pluralism.

Le but de cet article est de récupérer le débat à propos des différentes orientations du corporatisme au Brésil qui a eu lieu après la démocratisation ainsi que d’évaluer l’impact des changements institutionnels récents pour le système d’intermédiation d’intérêts. La répétition de l’approche corporatiste dans la littérature internationale permet un contrepoint au débat interne en redonnant de l’importance aux dimensions organisationnelles et au « mode de prise de décision » en vue de caractériser l’intérêt corporatiste comme système d’intermédiation des intérêts. À partir de cette interprétation, l’étude indique un renforcement de la structure syndicale, particulièrement des organisations dominantes et vers la multiplication et la consolidation de diverses arènes tripartites, responsables de la définition de thèmes importants de la politique publique. Ces nouveaux propos semblent rapprocher davantage le modèle brésilien du genre sociétaire de corporation en opposition au pluralisme.

O uso de lodo de esgoto em plantações florestais tem sido incentivado em vários países por favorecer o crescimento das árvores. Todavia, a eventual presença de metais pesados em alguns lodos tem tornado mais frequente seu descarte em aterros sanitários. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a biomassa seca, a concentração de nutrientes e metais pesados em raízes finas (Ø < 5 mm) de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis adubadas com lodos de diferentes estações de tratamento de esgotos (ETEs). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos, casualizado, com 4 repetições e 5 tratamentos: (1) Testemunha, sem qualquer adubação; (2) Fertilização mineral NPK e (3, 4 e 5) Adubação com 15 t ha-1 (base seca) de lodo de esgoto oriundo das estações de tratamento de Barueri-SP, São Miguel-SP e Parque Novo Mundo-SP, respectivamente. As amostras de raízes finas foram coletadas aos 42 meses de idade das árvores, na camada de 0-20 cm da superfície do solo, por meio de uma sonda de aço inox. Nessa fase, a biomassa de raízes finas foi similar entre os tratamentos com lodo de esgoto e a testemunha. Mas, a adubação com o lodo da ETE Parque Novo Mundo, condicionado com cal, propiciou maior biomassa de raízes em relação à fertilização mineral. De maneira geral, a adubação com os lodos de diferentes ETEs elevou a concentração de P, Ca, Zn e Ni nas raízes finas de E. grandis e reduziu a concentração de Mn, mas não alterou significativamente a concentração dos metais Cd, Cr e Pb.

The application of sewage sludge in forestry plantations has been encouraged in several countries for promoting growth of trees. However, because the sludge eventually contains heavy metals, it has been disposed frequently in landfills. This study investigated the biomass and the concentration of nutrients and heavy metals in fine roots (Ø <5 mm) of Eucalyptus grandis trees fertilized with sludges from different wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). The experimental design comprised randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: (1) control, without fertilization, (2) mineral fertilization NPK and (3, 4 and 5) Fertilization with 15 t ha-1(dry basis) of sewage sludge from Barueri-SP, São Miguel-SP and Parque Novo Mundo-SP wastewater treatment plants. Samples of fine roots were collected at 42 months old of trees, at layer 0-20 cm of soil, using a stainless steel probe. In this stage, the fine root biomass was similar among treatments with sewage sludge and the control. However, the soil fertilization with sewage sludge from Parque Novo Mundo WTP, conditioning with lime, provided higher root biomass than mineral fertilization. In general, the soil fertilization with sewage sludge from different WTPs increased the concentration of P, Ca, Zn and Ni in the fine roots of E. grandis and reduced the Mn concentration, but don't significantly changed the concentration of the Cd, Cr and Pb.

The genotoxicity of bloom head (BHE) and leaf (LE) extracts from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), and their ability to modulate the mutagenicity and recombinogenicity of two alkylating agents (ethyl methanesulfonate - EMS and mitomycin C - MMC) and the intercalating agent bleomycin (BLM), were examined using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Neither the mutagenicity nor the recombinogenicity of BLM or MMC was modified by co- or post-treatment with BHE or LE. In contrast, co-treatment with BHE significantly enhanced the EMS-induced genotoxicity involving mutagenic and/or recombinant events. Co-treatment with LE did not alter the genotoxicity of EMS whereas post-treatment with the highest dose of LE significantly increased this genotoxicity. This enhancement included a synergistic increase restricted to somatic recombination. These results show that artichoke extracts promote homologous recombination in proliferative cells of D. melanogaster.

The aim of the present study was to determine neurobehavioral and genotoxic activities of ethanol extract of Erythrina falcata Benth., Fabaceae, leaves on rats. Animals were treated with ethanol extract of E. falcata (100, 300 or 500 mg/kg; i.p.) and the open field and elevated plus-maze tasks were used as behavioral models to investigate a possible effect on the locomotor and exploratory activity and anxiety, respectively. Genotoxic effect was investigated using the Comet assay. Ethanol extract of E. falcata leaves decreased the number of crossings and rearings in the open field task and increased the latency to start locomotion, though it was not able to affect habituation to apparatus measured 24h after the first session. Behavioral parameters in the plus-maze test were not affected by E. falcata. Ethanol extract did not increase damage index and damage frequency in blood or brain, indicating no genotoxic effect. The results suggest that ethanol extract of E. falcata leaves was able to affect locomotion, exploration, and motivation of animals without anxiolytic/anxiogenic effect, indicating a possible depressant action on the central nervous system. Furthermore, the lack of DNA damage in brain is an indicative that ethanol extract of E. falcata leaves may not induce neurotoxic effects.

Tobacco farmers are routinely exposed to complex mixtures of inorganic and organic chemicals present in tobacco leaves. In this study, we examined the genotoxicity of tobacco leaves in the snail Helix aspersa as a measure of the risk to human health. DNA damage was evaluated using the micronucleus test and the Comet assay and the concentration of cytochrome P450 enzymes was estimated. Two groups of snails were studied: one fed on tobacco leaves and one fed on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) leaves (control group). All of the snails received leaves (tobacco and lettuce leaves were the only food provided) and water ad libitum. Hemolymph cells were collected after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. The Comet assay and micronucleus test showed that exposure to tobacco leaves for different periods of time caused significant DNA damage. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes occurred only in the tobacco group. Chemical analysis indicated the presence of the alkaloid nicotine, coumarins, saponins, flavonoids and various metals. These results show that tobacco leaves are genotoxic in H. aspersa and inhibit cytochrome P450 activity, probably through the action of the complex chemical mixture present in the plant.

RESUMO O Corymbia citriodora é uma das espécies florestais mais difundidas no Brasil, sendo um dos motivos a diversidade de uso da espécie, pois produz madeira de qualidade e as folhas podem ser utilizadas para produção de óleo essencial. Entretanto, é uma espécie que não tem muitos estudos relacionados ao efeito do manejo no balanço nutricional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de biomassa e o balanço nutricional no sistema convencional de produção de óleo essencial e madeira de Corymbia citriodora com a aplicação de lodo de esgoto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e dois tratamentos, sendo eles: 1 - Fertilização com 10 t ha-1 (base seca) de lodo de esgoto, complementado com K+B, e 2 - Fertilização mineral. Foi avaliada a produção de biomassa aérea das árvores e dos respectivos componentes (folha, galho, casca e lenho), a exportação de nutrientes via colheita das folhas, a produção de óleo essencial e da madeira aos quatro anos de idade. Observou-se que as árvores fertilizadas com lodo produziram 20 % mais folhas durante o ciclo de produção, o que resultou em maior produção de óleo essencial. Além disso, o tratamento com a aplicação do lodo produziu 14,2 t ha-1 ano-1 de biomassa lenhosa, que foi 27 % superior ao tratamento com fertilização mineral. Para ambos os tratamentos o balanço do N foi negativo, sendo que a exportação de N no tratamento com aplicação de lodo de esgoto (-45 kg ha-1) foi 4 vezes menor que a observada no tratamento com fertilização mineral (-185 kg ha-1). Com o presente estudo pode-se concluir que a aplicação de lodo de esgoto em plantios de Corymbia citriodora beneficia a produção de biomassa foliar, óleo essencial e madeira, além de propiciar melhor balanço nutricional.

ABSTRACT The Corymbia citriodora is one of the most important forest species in Brazil and the reason is the diversity of its use, because it produces good quality wood and the leaves may be used for essential oil production. Although, there are not many studies about species and the handling effect in the nutritional balance. This study aimed to evaluate the biomass production and nutrient balance in the conventional production of essential oil and wood of Corymbia citriodora with sewage sludge application. The experiment design established was the randomized blocks, with four replicates and two treatments: 1 - fertilization with 10 tons ha-1 (dry mass) of sewage sludge, supplemented with K and B, and 2 - mineral fertilization. It was evaluated the aerial biomass production, the nutrient export of the leaves, the essential oil and Wood production at four years old. The trees that received application of sewage sludge produced 20 % more leaves biomass than the trees with mineral fertilization, resulting in larger oil production. Besides, the trees with sewage sludge application produced 14.2 tons ha-1 yr-1 of woody biomass that was 27 % higher than the treatment with mineral fertilization. For both treatments the N balance was negative, but treatment with sewage sludge application (-45 kg ha-1) was four times lower than the observed on mineral fertilization treatment (-185 kg ha-1). It may be concluded in this paper that the application of sewage sludge benefits the production of leaves biomass, essential oil and wood, besides result better nutritional balance of the Corymbia citriodora production system.

Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson (Apocynaceae) is a native plant to the Amazon popularly used to treat ulcers, tumors, inflammations, cancer, syphilis and malaria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo genotoxic/antigenotoxic and mutagenic potential of this plant, using the comet and the micronucleus assays in mice. Female and male adult mice were treated with different doses of H. articulatus latex by gavage for two consecutive days. For the experiments, the latex was serially diluted with water to 1:2 (D1); 1:4 (D½) and 1:8 (D¼) and administered to the animals. The blood slides were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (ex vivo) to evaluate antigenotoxic effect. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the latex of H. articulatus did not increase the frequency of DNA damage as measured by the comet assay and micronucleus test in treated mice, indicating a non-genotoxic and non-mutagenic activity. In relation to the antigenotoxicity, latex exerted protective effect against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, our results add new information about the antigenotoxic potential of H. articulatus latex, which is popularly used in the Amazon to treat different pathologies.

The objective of present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities of dichloromethane fraction (DMF) from Platonia insignis Mart., Clusiaceae. The DMF from P. insignis (2 mg/kg) was tested by intraperitoneal (i.p.) to evaluate effects on lipid peroxidation level, nitrite formation, as well as on locomotor and anticonvulsant activities. Wistar rats were treated with, (saline/Tween 80 0.5%, i.p., control group), DMF (2 mg/kg, i.p., DMF group), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., P400 group), or the combination of DMF (2 mg/kg, i.p.) and pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., DMF plus P400). After the treatments all groups were observed for 24 h. In P400 group rats there was a decrease in the motor activity when compared with control group. In DMF plus P400 co-administered rats was observed an increase in motor activity when compared with P400 group. In P400 group rats there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels. In DMF plus P400 co-administered rats, antioxidant treatment significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation level and nitrite content after seizures. Previous findings strongly support the hypothesis that oxidative stress occurs in rat striatum during pilocarpine-induced seizures, and our results imply that strong neuprotective effect on this brain region could be achieved using DMF from P. insignis.